1,4-Dibromo­naphthalene-2,3-diol

In the title compound (r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms = 0.020 Å), C10H6Br2O2, an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the same H atom also forms an inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating a C(2) chain propagating in [100]. The other O—H hydrogen forms a weak O—H⋯π inter­action, and short Br⋯Br contacts [3.5972 (9) Å] also occur

Deep reinforcement learning for process design: Review and perspective

The transformation towards renewable energy and feedstock supply in the chemical industry requires new conceptual process design approaches. Recently, breakthroughs in artificial intelligence offer opportunities to accelerate this transition. Specifically, deep reinforcement learning, a subclass of machine learning, has shown the potential to solve complex decision-making problems and aid sustainable process design. We survey state-of-the-art research in reinforcement learning for process design through three major elements: (i) information representation, (ii) agent architecture, and (iii) environment and reward. Moreover, we discuss perspectives on underlying challenges and promising future works to unfold the full potential of reinforcement learning for process design in chemical engineering

Simulation and Analyses of Anti-Collision Algorithms for Active RFID System Based on MiXiM Simulation Module

Anti-collision algorithms of active RFID system are studied and simulated by the OMNeT++ software. The active RFID system based on ZigBee RF module is analyzed firstly, which uses the anti-collision mechanism involving the CSMA/CA algorithm of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Given the IEEE 802.15.4 simulation framework and configurations on the OMNeT++ simulation platform, simulations and analyses about anti-collision performance for the proposed active RFID system is carried out. For two customer anti-collision algorithms, the simulation results show that CSMA/CA algorithm presents excellent performance than ALOHA algorithm and its performance can meet the actual needs

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Simulation and Analyses of Anti-Collision Algorithms for Active RFID System Based on MiXiM Simulation Module

Abstract: Anti-collision algorithms of active RFID system are studied and simulated by the OMNeT++ software. The active RFID system based on ZigBee RF module is analyzed firstly, which uses the anti-collision mechanism involving the CSMA/CA algorithm of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Given the IEEE 802.15.4 simulation framework and configurations on the OMNeT++ simulation platform, simulations and analyses about anticollision performance for the proposed active RFID system is carried out. For two customer anti-collision algorithms, the simulation results show that CSMA/CA algorithm presents excellent performance than ALOHA algorithm and its performance can meet the actual needs

Trustworthy Jammer Selection with Truth-Telling for Wireless Cooperative Systems

In this paper, we propose a trustworthy friendly jammer selection scheme with truth-telling for wireless cooperative systems. We first utilize the reverse auction scheme to enforce truth-telling as the dominant strategy for each candidate friendly jammer. Specifically, we consider two auction cases: (1) constant power (CP) case and (2) the utility of the BS maximization (UBM) case. In both cases, the reverse auction scheme enforces truth-telling as the dominant strategy. Next, we introduce the trust category and trust degree to evaluate the trustworthiness of each Helper transmitter (Helper-Tx). Specifically, an edge controller calculates the reputation value of each Helper-Tx periodically using an additive-increase multiplicative-decrease algorithm by observing its jamming behavior. With the historical reputation values, the edge controller (EC) classifies a Helper-Tx into one of four trust categories and calculates its trust degree. Then, the EC selects the best Helper-Tx based on the trust category and trust degree. Lastly, we present numerical results to demonstrate the performance of our proposed jammer selection scheme

Research on Clearing Model of Long-Term Transaction Considering Matching Degree between Generation and Load

With the development of new energy and flexible load, there are many kinds of power and load characters in the power grid. It’s necessary to considerate the similarity between generation output and load when it’s market clearing. First, similarity analysis of generation-load curve based on the grey correlation degree is introduced, correlation between power generation enterprises and power users can be calculated. Then, market clearing model is built. market clearing mechanism is set which considering the matching degree between generation and load. The technological process of market clearing is given. Last, the effectiveness of the proposed clearing model is verified by an example